Zachary teNyenhuis, From Genes to Protiens

GENES: Tip of a side of DNA, looks like a ball, round, sequence of DNA that codes for a protein, determines a trait of a living organism. Part of a DNA strand.(picture below) cite: http://www.teenjury.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/genes1.jpg

DNA: Double helix, twisted ladder passed from parent to offspring, contains info for living and growing and reproducing, Nucleic acid that contains the sugar of deoxyribose. (picture below) cite: http://api.ning.com/files/BQ94AZKHw7pt6lA8Rqx27SGPp-DX3cG60HgICRiyyJXbjtR2Ul6z1NgS5s8D8lFcR0hcH1XiLcnfwAr6rBzaxb7DGr2IbCfW/ladder.jpg

CHROMOSOMES: threadlike structure, DNA coding for a protein, contains genetic information.(picture below)                        cite: http://theosophical.files.wordpress.com/2010/04/chromosome.jpg

tRNA: Looks like a cross with wider ends, looks like it has a stick hanging out, transfers amino acids to the ribosome, matches to coded mRNA message.(picture below)

cite: http://site.motifolio.com/images/tRNA-6111194.png

mRNA: The mRNA is the other side of the DNA strand, caries copies of information to other parts of the cell, carries instructions for polypeptide synthesis is taken  from the nucleus and brought to the ribosomes which lie in the cytoplasm. (picture below) cite: http://leavingbio.net/HEREDITY-ORDINARY%20LEVEL_files/image062.gif

Helpful things to know

Transformation- When one or multiple genes changes a strian of bacteria with another strain of bacteria

Nucleotides- The specific subunit of composed nucleic acids

Nucleic acids- One of four types of macromolecules, this contains oxygen,nitrogen, carbon, and phosphurus

Base-pairing- Principle that states DNA can only be formed between guainne and cytosine and with adenine and thymine

Double-helix-The structure that most scientists think DNA looks like (a twisted ladder) 

DNA- Molecule containing complete information on living, growing, and reproducing in a genetic code; Nucleic acid containing the sugar deoxyribose; passed down from parent to offspring

RNA- Nucleic acid containing the sugar ribose

mRNA- RNA molecules carrying copies of information from DNA to other parts of the cell 

tRNA- Transfers amino acids to the ribosome

rRNA- The subunits of the ribosome that  have important parts formed for them 

Transcription- The RNA molecule from a DNA molecule synthesis template

Translation-When mRNA is converted to a system of amino acids of a protien

Genes- Sequences of DNA that codes for a  a protien thus determines a trait

Chromosomes- DNA that codes for a protien that is formed in a theardlike structure containing genetic information